God does not Play Dice but Science does Research Paper

God doesn't Play Dice however Science does - Research Paper Example Before the Big Bang our universe was no greater than the size of a nuclear core. Science clarifies that from that point forward the universe has been growing at a consistent rate (John, 1997). It was Edwin Hubble in 1929 whose perceptions affirmed this supposition. Despite the fact that the universe is extending, nobody realizes what it is venturing into. The laws of science could clarify the underlying states of the universe however would neglect to explain the explanation as a result of which the universe started. Prior to the Eighteenth century, it was accepted that such inquiries had a place with the domain of mysticism or religion. Today such a methodology is generally viewed as ludicrous as science in the 21st century could unwind the most shocking puzzles. Our impression of reality have been enormously affected by speculations including Einstein’s general hypothesis of Relativity, Newton's hypothesis of gravity and to a great extent by the Quantum hypothesis. Einstein's exceptional hypothesis of relativity, which was later adjusted as the general hypothesis of relativity and Newton's hypothesis are old style speculations. Their suggestions recommended that existence were a fixed foundation. Time resembled a long track extending in just two ways. Einstein discovered countless troubles when he attempted to accommodate his uncommon hypothesis with Newton's hypothesis of Gravity. He in the end turned to the end that space itself was bended and it was not independent from time. He featured the way that gravity had misshaped everything in space. Articles in space would attempt to move a straight way yet their ways would seem, by all accounts, to be bowed. It was consequently assessed that because of sun's mass space-time would bend which twists the way of the planets. Space-time could be characterized as the four dimensional space whose each point is an occasion. Einstein's General hypothesis of relativity which further expressed that the laws of scienc e ought to be same for all eyewitnesses was affirmed in 1915, around ten years after the acknowledgment of the unique hypothesis of relativity. Presently one may ponder that reality could be more peculiar than fiction on the grounds that the laws which administer universe can shape reality in the most surprising style. It is inescapable to overlook these mind boggling thoughts on the off chance that we are to build up a comprehension of reality from a logical point. The disclosure of Quantum mechanics in 1926 was perhaps the best accomplishment ever for science. Einstein was halfway liable for its revelation however Max Planck assumed the significant job. The word 'Quantum' has been gotten from 'Quanta' which implies bundles. Quantum material science manages the investigation of sub-nuclear particles and as indicated by numerous researchers this hypothesis has gotten a component of vulnerability present day material science (Michel, 2006). A significant idea which frames the premise of Quantum hypothesis is the Heisenberg's vulnerability guideline. It expresses that one can't precisely decide the speed and position of a molecule at the same time. On the off chance that you would attempt to quantify a molecule's area precisely, at that point you won't have the option to decide its genuine speed. Einstein had before recommended that light comprised of particles known as 'photons'. He in this manner clarified how electrons in a strong body would be ousted if light fell on it. It ought to be noticed that Quantum mechanics work taking things down a notch however it stays a huge piece of Science. Anyway Richard Feynman's hypothesis without which the Quantum hypothesis is fragmented can be applied for a bigger scope. As indicated by its standards each occasion or

Living with a long term, multiple pathology Essay

Living with a long haul, numerous pathology - Essay Example Around 1,131 passings were credited to asthma in 2009, and 12 of these were under 14 years old (Asthma UK, 2012). For despondency, it is viewed as the fourth driving reason for handicap and infection on the planet (NICE, 2011). In the UK, the pervasiveness of this ailment in 2006 was 2.6%, and these rates are regularly higher in situations where constant sicknesses are available and among ladies, the rates are frequently higher (NICE, 2011). This investigation will initially give a foundation to the patient’s case. Furthermore, an arrangement of care would be introduced. Thirdly, the conveyance and assessment of care will follow, lastly, a rundown and end will end this conversation. This paper is being completed so as to improve the administration of different long haul conditions among patients. Foundation The patient Bruno (not his genuine name) was conceded into the crisis room after an asthma assault. Prior to the confirmation, Bruno was self-dealing with his asthma assaul ts through his customary asthma drugs. He is presently 70 years of age. His present affirmation is likewise connected with sadness. On further assessment of his manifestations, it was resolved that he was feeling miserable and desolate. I met the patient subsequent to being doled out to his consideration as an understudy nurture on my 6th seven day stretch of situation. The patient’s pulse was at 112, yet he had low circulatory strain at 96/50. His temperature was around 100 degrees while his respiratory rate was 22. He had poor skin turgor and this demonstrated he required quick clinical consideration. This is the reason this patient was picked for this paper. In light of beginning research center tests, Bruno had the accompanying condition: Creatinine 14.4 mg/dl, BUN 212 g/dl, bicarbonate 10 meq/l, chloride 145 meq/l, potassium 6.9 meq/l, sodium 176 meq/l, platelets 554 and hemoglobin 18.5 g/dl. Bruno’s life has been an extremely bustling one, he filled in as a marke t analyst and he was frequently ready to handily work out math issues in his mind. In his 50s, his youngsters were all completely developed and he at that point took part in gathering pledges exercises for neighborhood noble cause (Carrier, 2004). Bruno out of nowhere noticed that he was losing his numerical capacity. He submitted visit missteps and he regularly neglected to cover tabs, turn water off, and he now and again consumed his suppers (Catton, 2006). Bruno has consistently been unassuming and he only from time to time blew up, nonetheless, he began losing his temper particularly when drained and focused. He regularly held himself together long enough to return home and afterward lose his temper and his feelings there. This influenced his relationship with his family (Titelman, 2003). He never told his primary care physician everything that was going on and as months passed by, his emotional well-being showed signs of improvement of him and he turned out to be increasingly h ard to live with. He at last chose to get some much needed rest work to determine his issues and recover. After the symptomatic tests, he was determined to have beginning stage of asthma (Croghan 2006). He was likewise determined to have wretchedness. Long haul infections are those which likewise call for long haul clinical consideration (London Health Observatory, 2011). These drawn out sicknesses are additionally maladies which frequently require steady consideration, care perhaps going on for quite a long time. These conditions incorporate malignant growth, hypertension, interminable asthma, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, end-stage renal infection, and emotional well-being issues like schizophrenia, decrepit dementia, and sadness (London Health

English Is Considered As Lingua Franca English Language Essay

English Is Considered As Lingua Franca English Language Essay English is considered as most widely used language around the world. Individuals generally impart across societies in English everywhere throughout the world. During the procedure, it is regular that numerous expressions of the neighborhood dialects get their way in and turn out to be a piece of that specific assortment of English spoken in that area. This paper targets discovering Urdu words that have become an integral part of the English language spoken in Pakistani situation. It is an investigation of Urdu advance words that got their way in English in regular correspondence. For the examination, the language of paper was picked as it speaks to the language being used. English day by day the Dawn was chosen for the reason as it is most coursed paper in Pakistan. The paper clarifies that there are countless Urdu words which are a piece of English. Section I Presentation Papers have become a fundamental piece of present day life. The advanced man begins his day by perusing the news with some tea. Similarly incomprehensible is a morning without the every day paper for certain individuals. It is on the grounds that papers are seen wherever on the planet. They are printed and distributed in every single language known to man everywhere throughout the world. Papers are known as the reflections of the world. They reflect and report the patterns and occurring from all pieces of the world. For the most part, they spread each part of life-national, universal, nearby, social, political, social and so on. Perusing English Newspaper can improve EFL understudies capacity of jargon and the expertise of perusing. In any case, it doesnt imply that they have to investigate the all substance in the papers. To begin with, they can discover the themes they are intrigued. At that point, simply read these subjects they filter. They likewise dont finish each passage of them. In the event that the substance is truly intriguing for understudies perused it altogether. So they may get positive mind-set to peruse what they are intrigued. Slowly, they can retain numerous sorts of new data and have great stockpiling of jargon. Language instructors can utilize the paper as a compelling device for exhibiting the ideas of perusing and composing, just as the structure of the English language. Utilizing papers along these lines assists understudies with seeing reasonable instances of the commonsense uses of language structure and understanding that they can use in their perusing and composing encounters all through the study hall. It is a perception in Pakistan that when we dissect the substance of English papers we regularly find such words that are risen up out of English into Urdu or different dialects because of the way of life affiliation or bilingualism. The calling of news detailing and altering is absolutely about understanding of words and expressions. One can't decipher it until he has order over news language just as general language. Where English appreciates an esteemed status in Pakistan, It is fundamental that Pakistani journalist and editors work successfully in English. This exploration presents an examination of language change in Pakistani English papers because of culture affiliation or bilingualism. In light of the experimental information from Pakistani English papers and magazines, this examination expects to show the English words that have been changed over into Urdu or other nearby dialects of Pakistan. It likewise presents the concise diagram of the utilization of English as a non-local assortment. This exploration proposes that varieties and changes in a language are a fundamental piece of bilingualism and multilingualism. This exploration fixates on the varieties in the English language because of language change in Pakistan and furthermore shows the noteworthy job of the Urdu and other nearby dialects in the development of Pakistani English. Just those highlights that are found because of transformation have been talked about. In this exploration, just that information has been considered where Urdu expressions and statements have been utilized. This examination is keen on portraying various parts of language change in English when utilized in a non-local setting for example Pakistan. As a matter of first importance a lot of intrigue has been produced in the English language because of its spread the world over and its utilization as a global language. Presently a-days English has become a worldwide language. English is utilized everywhere throughout the world by a large number of local and non-local speakers as a result of its prevailing position. There are around 430 million L2 clients and 330 million L1 clients. So the non-local speakers utilize English more than the locals ones. Being a worldwide language, it is utilized nearly in all the nations of the world. At the point when individuals began utilizing English in non-local settings as a result of its developing prominence, it created as a transplanted language. Its predominance and force in Pakistan is becoming definitely. For some Pakistanis, English has become a down to earth need as well as the language of chance; social notoriety, power, accomplishment just as social predominance. Such force is distinctively found in Pakistan where individuals will in general change from Urdu to English to make embellishment. Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and one of the two authority dialects of Pakistan. It is the most significant language of proficiency in the nation. In Pakistan, Urdu-English transformation is a typical quality of taught Pakistani bilinguals. Change happens when two dialects come in contact. English has accepted a phonetic and social character of its own. This character shows itself all through the language at the word level, the expression level and the sentence level. It is the normal outcome of its customary contact with the Urdu language. Countless borrowings from Urdu and the provincial dialects of Pakistan have entered in Pakistani English. Urdu-English change at the degree of the expression and provision is accessible; this examination is probably going to overcome any barrier. The transformation information in this exploration centers around the utilization of Urdu expressions and statements in the English papers. The information has been gathered from the accompanying printed Pakistani English paper and magazines: 1. First light (day by day) (Lahore) 2. The news Explanation of the Problem: This examination depends on the investigation of English paper and to check the recurrence of words happened in Urdu or other nearby dialects. Target of the Study: This examination plans to discover the expressions of other Pakistani dialects that have been happened in English paper, in Daily Dawn and The news. To think about the regular words happened in the two papers. Criticalness of Study: This investigation of paper gives us an intensive overview to what degree the Urdu words have been utilized in English papers. This is a helpful research for language improvement of strategy creators, instructors, understudies and evaluation establishments. Impediment: We have concentrated altogether the sensible measure of English paper Dawn Daily Lahore and The News. We have characterized the segment of paper. Based on this characterization we have checked the recurrence of the Urdu words happened in English. Delimitation: We have considered ten papers of both Daily Dawn and The News on consistent schedule because of the time cost imperatives and in light of the fact that they are the most seasoned wellspring of data. Structure of Study: This examination is subjective in nature. It depends on the Meta investigation of paper. The utilization of this strategy is fitting with the end goal of this examination. Research is directed while utilizing subjective methodology. Since the consequence of the information dissect is in the unmistakable wonder, for example, words and sentences.

Marketing Plan of FORD MOTOR

Promoting Plan of FORD MOTOR Official Summary The fundamental target of this appraisal is to achieve a nitty gritty advertising plan of the Ford Motor Company inside the point of view of the worldwide car industry. In doing as such, the paper would concentrate on embodying a suitable organization profile of Ford Motor, thinking about the money related diagram of the organization, figuring a SWOT Analysis, checking on the ebb and flow showcasing circumstance of Ford alongside a BCG grid, and making a thorough serious survey of the industry.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Marketing Plan of FORD MOTOR explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, the paper would delineate the potential advertising techniques of the organization with thought of the promoting research, brand situating system, brand-situating map, target market, and showcasing blend. To finish up, the evaluation will concentrate on gathering material proposals along with an apt end. Presentation Presently, globalization has changed the pace of the whole worldwide business structure and the business condition affecting each circle of the universal exchanging issues both hopefully and negatively. The positive effects of globalization incorporate the way that along with numerous different enterprises, the vehicle business has additionally gotten open to the entire world and this has brought about the matter of Ford Motor to arrive at the market to an extensive level. Broadly broad worldwide market implies expanding deals and successively, higher yearly net revenues for the engine organization. Nonetheless, in spite of such huge numbers of advantages that Ford Motor is accepting, a significant issue that remaining parts with the effect of globalization on the organization is that the firm presently requires a very high measure of consumption on doing its promoting exercises. Organization Profile Bloomberg Businessweek proposed that Ford Motor Company, one of the globe’s greatest ve hicle producers, began its excursion in the twentieth century with brands that contain Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury (1). Note that Ford runs in two fundamental parts, in particular, Automotive and Financial Services the Automotive area comprise tasks of North America, South America, Europe, Asia Pacific Africa and Volvo; then again, the Financial administrations comprise activities of Ford Motor Credit Company and Other Financial Services. Passage is a multibillion-dollar vehicle fabricating business situated in the United States with fantastic patterns as one of the biggest business players, which gives quality items and administrations to clients all through the globe; the organization has more than 5,000 Dealer Communication Network, for example, FordStar, a biggest intelligent separation preparing system in the world.Advertising Looking for evaluation on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Financia l Overview Being such a mammoth player in the worldwide car industry, Ford Motors have a solid money related position enough very much worked to contend with the market chiefs of the business. As indicated by Bloomberg Businessweek (1), year over year, Ford Motor has watched incomes wither from $129.2 billion to $105.9 billion, in spite of the fact that it was proficient to raise total compensation from $2.7 billion to $14.8 billion; decrease in level of deals, general, and regulatory expenses from 16.58-12.46 percent was a key-segment in the primary concern development notwithstanding falling incomes. The accompanying table shows the five years monetary survey of the engine organization for a superior comprehension of the Ford’s money related position: Determinants of Financial Position FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 Revenues $143,249 $154,379 $129,165 $105,893 $27,592 Total Revenues $160,065 $170,572 $145,114 $118,308 $29,893 Cost of Goods-Sold $145,066 $142,667 $1 21,737 $99,934 $24,233 Gross-Profit $6,970 $20,431 $14,908 $12,583 $4,750 Total General-deals and Admin-Expenses $19,148 $21,132 $21,414 $13,194 $2,654 Other Operating-Expenses $19,148 $21,132 $21,414 $13,194 $2,654 Operating-Income $-12,178 $-701 $-6,506 $-611 $2,096 Net Interest-Expense $414 $-650 $-1,110 $-1,306 $-344 Earnings of Discontinued-Operations $16 $41 $9 $5  â â â â â â _ Net-Income - $12,613 - $2,795 - $14,7660 $2,717 $1,687 Table 1: Financial Overview of Ford Motors Source: Self-created from Bloomberg Businessweek (1) On the other hand, expanding paces of oil and fuel costs, tax collection rates, vacillated worldwide interest for made vehicle, and rising serious weight through local creation power, recession’s impacts, and the monetary states of the car business all in all are prominent to put outside effects over the budgetary situation of Ford Motors. During the worldwide money related downturn, the organization endured lost $6.3bn, and did 2600 occu pation cuts; the organization cut salaried work costs by 10 percent by bringing down remunerations of the clerical representatives and auctions off Jaguar and Land Rover for $2.bn to Tata Motors.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Marketing Plan of FORD MOTOR explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to NASDAQ (1), such unfriendly effects of the downturn were plainly obvious in the company’s income and thusly on its offer costs; the accompanying figure (a five years stock value diagram) gives an evident thought of how the outer financial condition of the business influenced the stock costs of the organization in 2008 to 2009 period: Figure 1: Five Years Stock Price of Ford Motors Source: NASDAQ (1) SWOT Analysis of Ford Motors A concise record of the SWOT examination of this car organization has outlined in figure 1: Figure 2: SWOT Analysis of Ford Motor Strengths:Advertising Searching for appraisal on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Brand mindfulness Financial capacity Experience Promotion Leadership Diversified product offering Weaknesses: Increase creation and working costs Lack of involvement with new market Rules and guideline Opportunities: To be showcase pioneer in vehicle industry Increase Interest Development of es of Some Products Car-models The organization typically dispatches various vehicles in various nations; Ford-Taunus, Ford-Scorpio, Ford-Sierra, Ford-Fiesta, Ford-Festiva, Ford-Figo, Ford-Focus, Ford-Fusion, Ford-LTD-II, Ford-LTD (Crown-Victoria), Ford-Mainline, Ford-Marauder, and Ford-Maverick are huge among those Van-models Most notable ones are Ford-Aerostar, Ford-E-Series, Ford-Econovan, Ford-Endeavor, Ford-Freestar, Ford-I-MAX, Ford-Thames-300E, Ford-Thames-400E, Ford-Transit, and Ford-Windstar SUV-models The organization has considered Ford-Bronco, Ford-Edge, Ford-Escape, Ford-Everest, Ford-Excursion, Ford-Expedition, Ford-Explorer, Ford-Fiera, Ford-Flex, Ford-Freestyle, Ford-Fusion, Ford- Taurus, and Ford-Territory to be the best SUV-models Truck-models Ford has propelled endless truck-model since its commencement, which incorporates Ford-Mainlin, Ford-N-Series, Ford-Panel-truck, Ford-R-Series, Ford-Ranchero, Ford-Ranchero, Ford-Ranger, Ford-Ranger-EV, Ford-Super-Duty, and a lot more Tractor-models Ford-600-Series Tractors and Ford-Workmaster are one of the company’s famous tractor-models; some different sorts contain Ford-Powermaster, TW10, TW20, TW30, TW15, TW25, TW35, etc Bus-models Ford Motor’s transports has made for various purposes, for example, for school-transport, open vehicle, and for mechanical utilizations; Ford-Transit transport/van, Ford-E 450 Super-Duty minibus, Ford-B Series, Type-C-regular transport, Ford MB-IV100, Ford-MBC-IV 200, Ford Specialty-Trolley, Transit-Suburban Bus, Ford-G 99 7, Ford-R-Series, Ford-rader, Ford-Hawke, Ford-ET7, Ford 19B-29B, Ford-7 2B, and Ford-ET 7-Aqualina are most generally utilized all through the world T able 4: Diversified Product Line of Ford Motor Source: Self-created Price: Ford set the costs of the items by remembering about the quality and creation expenses of the vehicles. It additionally considers the pay levels of its focused on clients. Spot: Ford has several showrooms all through the reality where it does its arrangements. Advancement: This vehicle-producing firm is as of late endeavor a few key ways to deal with increment its business setup; its publicizing systems are presently focusing on satisfying and dazzling the individuals who put across loathing over Ford’s vehicles. Its most recent push for instigating the clients has intended for its faultfinders; the firm given hundred clients a vehicle to a time of a half year and mentioned them to achieve assorted excursions consistently; at the excursions, operators utilized their Fiestas to disseminate Meals on Wheels alongside numerous other contribution for the clients like treats to the National Guard. The client s quested for leaving undertakings, or in any event, for insignificant amusement inside the exercises; furthermore, after all these, Ford showcased the narratives of those missions on You Tube, Flickr, Facebook, and Twitter that contributed fundamentally over Ford’s advertising activities.The limited time system of the Ford fluctuates as needs be with changing buyer patterns, requests, and other outer conditions. The organization designs the limited time bundles relying upon the components, for example, various seasons, New Year celebrations, Christmas Eve, events like Valentines Day, Easter Sunday, Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Halloween, and so forth. The explanation behind these techniques lies behind the way that the greater part of the client gatherings of Ford will have a variance sought after of the items offered by the organization relying upon these particular times of the year. The clients all the more regularly prefer to b

Lawrence Sports, Capital Management Analysis and Methodology Overhaul

Lawrence Sports, Capital Management Analysis and Methodology Overhaul Free Online Research Papers Liquidity must turn into an essential concentration for any business planning to make manageable development. Lawrence Sports, an anecdotal organization, is by and by needing capital administration investigation and philosophy update. Remembered for this paper is a conversation of the issues, openings, qualities and arrangements that the firm ought to consider. The 9 stage issue arrangement model is the configuration used to take the peruser through basic recognizable proof, assessment and usage of components that will change an issue into new development opportunity. Lawrence Sports is a $20 million dollar income organization that amasses and disseminates outdoor supplies. The focal point of the situation is to give the chance to the understudy to create answers for exchange off issues, hence setting up dependability for the firm. Mayo, who is a retailer answerable for 95% of deals, is upsetting Lawrence from paying crude materials providers. Lamentably, this money situating issue is immediate aftereffect of the Lawrence credit arrangement and the Mayo solicitation to defer installment until the seven day stretch of April 14-20. Acquiring cash to manage provider payables isn't a choice, due to the $1.2 million dollar augmented bank limit. Along these lines, this paper will plan from the point of view of a budgetary director who will transform a working capital issue into the opportunity to structure another credit strategy, execute money the board models and present hazard alleviation strategies. A credit arrangement that is too liberal will keep on making harm Lawrence Sports. By and by both receivables and payables are unsynchronized, which is putting undue monetary misery on the firm, too compromising provider connections that have helped construct the organization. Considering the predominant deals job that Mayo plays in the flexibly chain, Lawrence should be extremely cautious in compelling the installment of receivables. The details of another credit approach will be additionally examined later in the paper. Normally a firm will stretch out credit if the decision to do so is at lower cost; be that as it may, Lawrence isn't in a bartering position. â€Å"In general, a firm will expand exchange credit on the off chance that it has a relative bit of leeway in doing so† (Ross et al., 2005). Issues and Opportunities Lawrence doesn't have influence to assemble the business because of flighty incomes. In spite of the fact that this circumstance is constraining development, reclassifying the money the board procedure will open new open doors inside the present gracefully chain framework. Concentrating on reasonable stock turnover that makes a positive money parity will move the bombing arrangements towards a new point of view. This will just occur because of new monetary arranging connected to focused objective. â€Å"Most money related administrators respect an arranged money parity of zero as driving excessively near the edge of a precipice. They build up a base working money parity to assimilate unforeseen money inflows and outflows† (Brealey et al., 2005) Instead of the present eccentric receivables turnover, the new credit approach will permit the premise to compute a base money equalization to expand liquidity. Moreover, past endurance exchange off choices will blur as conveying expens es and lack costs become the open door expenses of inevitable ventures and having enough money to put resources into protections property. Another issue that Lawrence Sports is managing is the over dependence on Mayo to finish 95% of deals. Permitting Mayo to extend installments makes an issue for the sellers, subsequently de-settling the gracefully chain. Along these lines, this paper will talk about the chance of redistributing crude materials. On the off chance that this turns into another option, International money changes will affect income and should be set up for. The Lawrence re-appropriating group should screen the introduction co-effective and break down the dollar changeability to improve cost points of interest. Partners Perspectives Partners are fundamental to the life of any association. Without an away from of the key elements/individuals influenced by forms, the key objective won't be adjusted. Providers, retailer and the representatives are the essential partners for the Lawrence situation. Murray and Gartner provided the materials for assembling and deals to occur, which surfaces moral predicaments. These sellers need to turn into a need all together for outdoor supplies to keep on arriving at the shopper. A gracefully chain will work just when dynamic gatherings are adequately made up for work finished. In the event that Lawrence Sports doesn't set up another acknowledge approach for Mayo, the re-appropriating choice might be important to meet future payables limitations. Offering the receivables to an assortment firm is likewise an approach to exchange current receivables. The representatives at all purposes of the flexibly chain are additionally influenced by the absence of income control. The new key arrangement ought to be structured by Lawrence, and consciously imparted to empower duty direction and lift resolve. This will conceivably influence both the sellers and Mayo by setting up an influential position in the gracefully chain. Issue Statement The Lawrence Sports money situating issue exists as a result of a crazy credit arrangement. Liquidity issues will keep on testing the firm except if technique/productivity turns into the objective. In spite of the fact that Mayo is a worldwide retailer, Lawrence Sports should expertly convey credit rules. Also, as Ann Wu (executive, seller connections) accepts, at least one of the merchants will encounter budgetary trouble if Lawrence defers installments. At present, Lawrence does not have the required foundational capital administration organizing to manage the questionable incomes. The delay of the $1,360 million dollar receipt installment may guarantee a significant request for the seven day stretch of April 21-27; nonetheless, Lawrence might be without a seller for completed calfskin items. The exchange off choices that the organization must make doesn't make the open door for development. In like manner, the firm should assume responsibility for any future provider installment vulnerability, while likewise tending to potential crude materials fluctuation. Utilizing the course reenactment as a methods for experimentation models delivered a fascinating scrape. Endeavoring promptly to improve the working capital situation, by forcing Mayo to pay, upset the retailer. Sadly, the decision to gather the remarkable receivables influenced the deals for the seven day stretch of April 21-27. This was the normal response thinking about the absence of arrangement and understanding. Not having a foreordained agreement had an unfavorable effect on deals, and risked the seller relationship that Lawrence depends on. End State Vision â€Å"Value creation relies upon money flows† (Ross et al., 2005) another money situating will exist for Lawrence Sports when receipts and distributions make positive net working capital, bolstered by a supportable framework of procedures. Following the new money yielding exchange off choices, the organization should begin encountering development openings. Also, consciousness of important harmony between decisions in regards to net revenue versus turnover, and assessment endowments versus monetary misery will characterize the firm’s heading. When these ideas are of successive conversation inside administration, positive net working capital might be go to a reality. Lawrence has formed into a $20 million dollar incomes organization, in any case, should over-come the unsynchronized income issue. Shockingly, the Mayo deals have not occurred so as to pay the sellers for crude materials. Along these lines, the exorbitant strain to close the income hole will inhale new life into the firm. Making the most of this open door will permit Lawrence to turn into the inside financed substance that the proprietors trust it to be. â€Å"Profitable firms produce money inside, inferring less requirement for outside financing†¦the more noteworthy the income of progressively beneficial firms makes more noteworthy obligation capacity† (Ross et al., 2005). In spite of the fact that it might appear that Lawrence is in a troublesome circumstance that might compromise future deals, the usage plan will build up the right bearing. The outside financing constraint is a surprisingly positive development by driving better arrangements. Following the progress into increasingly synchronized incomes, the firm will discover charges paid and net working capital. Fruitful organizations in the long run discover that associations must have endurance techniques incorporated with the framework. This is the focal point of the following area of this paper. To connect strategies, and procedures with esteem creation. Elective Solutions Essential options for Lawrence Sports depend on huge organization benchmarking that give ways to deal with build up a customized arrangement. Dell Computers, Honeywell and Coca-Cola are three firms that support relative upper hand in their individual ventures. Choices for Lawrence choices included examination of the yearly reports, which yielded significant exercises on the most proficient method to change a monetarily tested association. Dell Computers has figured out how to adjust income and make net working capital. In 2008 the organization announced $9.2 billion dollars in real money and money counterparts. Dell has reliably held a money offset by discussing straightforwardly with the client, diminishing stock hazard and keeping up a moderate credit arrangement. â€Å"We use money created by activities as our essential wellspring of liquidity and accept that inside produced incomes are adequate to help business operations† (Dell Annual Report, Financing Receivables). Lower level exchanges off choices are testing Lawrence Sports. For Dell, more elevated level choices for conveying expenses and deficiency costs incorporate net working capital choices, for example, streamlining venture options. This was cultivated by guaranteeing that receivables are co

What Would You Do If You Found $200 In An Old Book

What Would You Do If You Found $200 In An Old Book While  at The Friends of the Library book sale, I  spotted  a copy of Time and Again by Jack Finney, a  novel my friend Mike wanted. I grabbed it.  Flipping through the pages to check its condition,  I saw a $100 bill. I slammed  the book  shut, and looked around. Should I tell someone, I said to myself.  Then put the book  on the pile I was  buying.  Amused paranoia made me wonder if hidden cameras were watching.  Could I be  in an ABC-TV candid camera  sting to test people’s honesty? What were the  rules  for  this  situation?  Did they  have a copy of Ethics for Dummies over in the philosophy section? I did look, but no.  The room was huge and packed. I’m surprised no one saw me  spotting the money. As I browsed, I wondered, “Is the money mine or should I turn it in?” It seemed both lucky and unethical at the same time. Finally, I told myself, “Just decide when you get to checkout.” My unconscious mind could weigh the ethical  issues while I shopped. When toting up my haul at  checkout,  they didn’t even look inside. I could just walk  away with the book and money. But it didn’t feel right. Probably an old person  had  stashed their money in books, died, and their family hauled their  lifetime of reading  off to the library. The book was a donation, but  what about  the money? The money wasn’t intended for me, but it wasn’t intended for the charity either. I reached over and opened the book , revealing the greenback, “What do you do when this happens?”  I then realized  there were two $100 bills there. “Dang,” I  whined to myself,  â€œWhy am I  so honest!” If my unconscious had known it was $200, would it have made the same decision? The checkout lady looked dazed, even blown away. “I don’t know,” she said hesitantly,  then made a  decision, “This is a question for management!” She  hurried away. I  watched her talk with a group of the Friends for several minutes. They seemed surprised, too. I knew their answer, but what was their ethical considerations? She turned and came back over. “We’re going to keep the money,” she informed me. Regret showed in her face, but her voice was firm. “I understand,” I said, “It’s what I expected.” “But we’ll give you a free membership  to the Friends of the Library.”  She  led me back  to the women who had made the decision. They were all very thankful, and  told me  how honest I was. Was I just being a chump?  Was I being too honest? The checkout lady  whispered to all of us, “I don’t think  I would have told anybody.” “Does this happen a lot?” I  asked,  briefly gazing  into each of  their faces. “Sometimes,” replied the apparent  boss. “But we try to find the money before we put out the books.” “I wish an  old lady had found it,” I said, “One who had a utility bill overdue.” As I walked out of the library, I  imagined what I would  I do  with an extra  $200? I’m not hurting,  but $200 would have let me buy something extravagant for my budget. Like make an  iPad affordable,  or buy a copy of Arms of the Sun by Lady Dorothy Mills, a rare book priced beyond what I allow myself to spend. The reason I  revealed the dough  is  because I’d feel guilty. Since then,  I’ve been asking friends what they would have done. Some say they would have kept the $200, others said turn it in.  Some  claim the rule is finders keepers.  What about you? Would the ethical parameters been different if I found the money once I got home? What if I gave the book to Mike, and he discovered the $200? I’m sure he would have given it back to me. But if I can rational the money comes with the book, it would have been his. Would it be  ethically different if  I bought  the book  in a used  bookstore? What about a garage sale? If a bookstore sells you a rare $15,000 first edition for $2, is the situation different? There’s no telling how long that money has been in the book. The bills  were the old-style Franklins. I’ve stuck money in books before too. Could I have given any away? The Friends rewarded my honesty with a three-year membership â€" but charged me for my books â€" minus the 10% for being a new member. At least I got an essay out of the adventure. A good story is worth $200, don’t you think? Now I wish I had shouted out when I discovered the money, “Whoa! There’s money in these books!”

Racial Profiling Versus Criminal Profiling Is There a Difference - Free Essay Example

Racial profiling is the act of linking certain ethnic groups to criminal activity. America is known as a melting pot or salad bowl, America is a country mixed with many cultures and people. Racial profiling has been used in America as an unjust mean of arresting, incarcerating and murdering black men in America. Racial profiling is an ever-rising concern in the U.S. African Americans have been subjected to mass incarceration, racial profiling by police and unjustified killing based upon their ethnicity. Racial profiling is an issue and a point of interest that many activist and civil rights groups condemn. In the U.S. racial profiling is an accepted practice by law enforcements. Although racial profiling is illegal and violates the 4the amendment of the constitution, this practice is still promoted in law enforcement. Law enforcement and the criminal justice system will deny this claim and say that they are not racial profiling, but that law enforcement is acts on a suspects behavior and not their ethnicity. This paper will focus on the effect racial profiling has on African Americans. There are many people who believe that racism is a thing of the past which is not fully correct. During slavery many African Americans were racially profiled when they were being hunted down by white salve hunters. When allowed off of their plantations they would be required to carry around documentations or a letter showing proof that they had been allowed to run an errand. This allowed them to avoid being harassed, beaten or at worse killed. After slaver had been abolished many African Americans were still subjected to racial profiling, even more so when African Americans stood up for equal treatment and opportunity. In America during the civil rights movement it did not matter whether African Americans were free, they were made to live in world with segregation and unjust laws. Many African Americans lived in constant fear because of these laws which openly allowed society to freely discriminate against them for the sole reason as the color of there skin. Although slavery and s egregation are no longer around , racial profiling is. For example the case of Trayvon Martin, a young African American teen who was killed by George Zimmerman. Trayvon Martin was killed unjustly. In reality Trayvon Martin was racially profiled and followed by George Zimmerman who was in charge of the neighborhood watch. George Zimmerman has be warned not to follow or confront Trayvon by 911 dispatchers but ignored there orders and ultimately confronted Trayvon which led to Trayvons death. The truth of Trayvons death is that he was racially profiled, a young African American man wearing a hoody and looking out of place and was instantly assumed to be up to no good and guilty of committing some crime. Trayvon is one of many victims who has been a victim of racial profiling. Some believe that recent cases of racial profiling are new or have just resurfaced . However that is not the case, from slavery until now racial profiling has been consistent. It has been documented that racial profiling has been hidden in legal practices and laws. For example the criminal justice system. There are no written laws against or preventing racial profiling, so it has become a known practice that allows inequality. It has been documented that people of color are stopped by law enforcement at a higher percent than non people of color. The criminal justice system is an institution aimed at punishing people of color more aggressively than people of non color. Although there are no laws in place to end racial profiling, many African Americans rights are violated as they do not have equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment affirmed the citizenship of African Americans and equal protection, the right to life and liberty property and due process. In Ending Racial Profiling of African Americans in The Elective Enforcement of Laws by F. Weatherspoon discusses how African Americans feel that the justice system is not there to help as well as feeling that their constitutional rights have been violated by the practice of racial profiling that is in place and accepted. Furthermore, the article goes into detail on how all levels of government, civil rights groups, communities and law enforcement a handling racial profiling. Racial profiling has caused many effects on African Americans such as Mass incarceration, Racial profiling by law enforcement homicide by law enforcement. In the Journal entry by Nick, Zack (2015). White Privilege and black rights: The injustice of U.S. Police racial profiling and homicide it is reported that racial profiling by law enforcements leads to higher incarceration rates among black men as well as increase in killings of unarmed black men by the police. Zack also writes and gives details on how White privilege correlates to racial profiling.

Reducing Credits For High School Graduation - 924 Words

I believe that reducing credits for high school graduation will help students graduate on time. I say that because nowadays in America, schools are always competing for high test scores rather than focusing on the bigger picture. Instead of teachers giving out a handful of work in class work, teachers should interact more with their student. By teachers helping students out, students eventually will want to come to class everyday ready to learn. Some students go to school just because it is required, but nowadays students aren t growing as a person in a classroom. I’ve seen teachers rush through lectures, which sometimes leaves a student confused. If the government could turn schools into a place where students will love to come back to school. Now students will be more motivated to passing their classes. I’ve had teachers who teach their classes exactly how the school of board wants them to teach the class.There are positive and negatives to the way classes are being t aught; some students aren t on the same learning levels as others. Now students feel left behind and unsure on what they should do. Instead of teachers going by the rule book, they should think outside the box and find new ways that will make class interesting for students. If teachers communicate better with students there is a high chance that student will be comfortable to ask for help when it is needed. Usually students hate going to school because of same routine going on everyday. If teachers canShow MoreRelatedThe Bridge Of Opportunity Initiative778 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter their basic educational skills to increase employability and the opportunity to advance their education in a career development direction. 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Even though a vast number of students intend to transfer their credits to a four-year university, an extensiveRead MoreThe National Student Loan Debt1571 Words   |  7 Pageseducation no longer exists. Americans are now faced with over $ 1 trillion dollars in student debt. With such a huge escalation in college debt, we are facing a generation where over 50% of graduates will owe debt (McDaniel). While having debt after graduation is reasonable, it’s unimaginably difficult to assume that anyone considered middle class, could repay the average 25,000 dollars of debt (Tuition and Fees and Room and Board over Time†). Unfortunately, this crisis hasn’t been expressed as a pivotalRead MoreThe National School Lunch Program987 Words   |  4 Pagesbe more active, but also strives to provide healthier food for schools. Let’s Move! is meant to empower those who wish to make a difference and reminds us that everybody has a role to play when it comes to reducing childhood obesity. The Federal Government’s role also comes into play with the National School Lunch Program. The National School Lunch Program is a federally assisted meal program that operates in over 100,000 schools and child care facilities. Those who participate in this program

John Stuart Mill’s Theory of Utilitarianism - 1336 Words

Tom and Mary Mary is a patient in a hospital who is very sick. She is under the care of a doctor named Tom. Tom knows that Mary is going to die shortly and knows of three other patients in the hospital that could benefit immensely from one of Mary’s organs. Mary, who is an organ donor, does not want to give up her organs. However, Tom knows that Mary’s organs are beginning to fail and decides to take them without her permission and give them to the other patients in need. In this essay, I will explain how the case of Dr. Tom and his patient, Mary, can be examined morally using John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism and the Greatest Happiness Principle (GHP) and Immanuel Kant’s Deontology and his Formula of Universal Law (FUL). I will also explain why Kantian Deontology works better as a moral theory in the case of Tom and Mary. In John Stuart Mill’s, â€Å"Utilitarianism,† Mill describes his theory as, â€Å"†¦ not something to be contradistinguished from pleasure, but pleasure itself, together with the exemption of pain (2001, p. 9).† What Mill is describing can be referred to as classical utilitarianism. There are three components that comprise this theory: consequentialism, hedonism, and impartiality. Consequentialism is the idea that only the consequences of an action matter. The second component, hedonism, states that the only standard for judging an action as moral or immoral is whether the action produced happiness or pain, respectively. The last component of classicalShow MoreRelatedA Research Paper on the Life of John Stuart Mill876 Words   |  3 PagesThis research paper focuses on the life of John Stuart Mill and how it affected his economic theories. John Stuart Mill’s grew up unlike most, raised since his adolescence to be the face of utilitarianism. 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My Goals As An Educator - 939 Words

Teaching is important because students need people who enjoyed teaching and helping people follow their dream. Even when students are young they have dreams and to complete those dreams they need teacher to help them learned and encourage them to follow their dreams. Being a teacher is more than teaching students their subjects, it helping follow their dreams, find their passion, and showing them they can do anything if they tried hard enough. We need more teachers like that, not ones that just come to school and teach the standards. We need teacher who find a way to teach a standard in a way students will understand and enjoy. This is one of my goals as an educator, creating lesson plans that are informative and fun; a way for them to have fun while learning, As teacher we need to find a way to educate our students in a way they will all understand, creating lesson plans that are challenging. However, not too challenging that the students will not understand or too easy the students will get bored, we need to find the balance between the two. Which is one of the hardest one thing a teacher will have to deal with, making sure no students get behind but not being able to slow down. It why one of my goals as teacher is creating lesson plans that will get students evolve in the learning. It also our job to make sure we cover all subjects. This year when I did my observation in a classroom, and in my field experience class I learned that some teachers will not teach someShow MoreRelatedMy Goal As An Educator915 Words   |  4 PagesIt is my goal as an educator to guide students and help them to explore, follow, and achieve their dreams to the fullest. I also would like students to know and realize that learning is an ongoing process that never ends. It is important to teach students about respecting others and to treat others how they would like to be treated. I believe that my future students should be in a safe environment, which will improve their social, intellectual, and emotional skills. Students spend much moreRead MoreMy Philosophy On Education : My Goals As An Educator978 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy on Education My goal as an educator is to develop a strong personal relationship with each and every one of my students’. In doing this, my students should feel comfortable coming to me with a problem they may be facing. I want my students to be critical thinkers. I want my students to have the desire to learn and to question everything. I feel that if there is a lot of interaction going on between my students and I; learning is happening. The teaching method that I would be incorporatingRead MoreAn Early Childhood Educator My Goal1621 Words   |  7 PagesI believe that as an early childhood educator my goal will be to promote the physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of each child. 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The Charismatic Leader Of Positive Deviance Essay

Initially, upon reading the directions for this assignment, I was prepared to choose some form of criminal deviance. After all, I am a criminal justice major, what could be more natural? Then I read â€Å"Positive Deviance† by Druann Maria Heckert. It struck a chord with me, how could something positive, be looked at in a negative light? So I decided to focus my first writing assignment on the charismatic leader characteristic of positive deviance. Deviance is described as â€Å"any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs† (Kendall, 2015, p. 164). Positive deviance on the other hand â€Å"is based on the observation that in every community there are certain individuals or groups whose uncommon behaviors and strategies enable them to find better solutions to problems than their peers, while having access to the same resources and facing similar or worse challenges† (â€Å"Positive devia nce initiative,† 2016). Positive deviance seems, as pointed out in Heckert’s article, to be an oxymoron. It is near impossible to reconcile the concept of deviant behavior, which in and of itself seems to exude negativity, with the concept of exceptional intelligence, or innovative thinking. One way to look at positive deviance by comparing it to a statistical norm, or bell curve. The most common and oft seen socially accepted norms, which encompass the majority of the curve, are those professed and followed by mainstream society.Show MoreRelatedEffective Leaders Motivate And Motivate Followers And Achieve Collective Goals1599 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leaders motivate and inspire followers to achieve collective goals. Within an organisational context, the changing nature of the workplace and the employment relationship has seen a shifting focus to the importance of establishing trust between leaders and followers, emphasising employee wellbeing and team orien tated decision-making. 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The two leaders selected for this assignment are Martha Stewart representing an authoritarian leadership style and William Shatner’s television character, James Tiberius Kirk from the starship Enterprise representingRead More Toxic Leadership Essay3160 Words   |  13 Pageswill infer a relationship between leaders and followers (Frank, 2003). Emotions of a leader are so important in this aspect of leadership. It is through emotions that the leader will be categorized as ‘toxic’ or ‘not toxic.’ It is with no doubt that true leaders will appeal to emotions and as the same time know how to cope with their own emotions and how to perceive or control the emotions of a group. The major fundamental task of a leader is to inspire positive feelings in those he leads. In whicheverRead MoreAnalysis Of Norman Mailer s The Naked And The Dead Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesto his authority. In his essay, Legitimate Order and Types of Authority, Max Weber discusses the idea of legitimacy: a public respect for and acceptance of power that is based on tradition, rationality, or charismatic traits of the leader. Further, Weber comments on the efficacy of deviance to curb these types of legitimacy, â€Å"For so far as the agreement underlying the order is not unanimous†¦its functioning within a social group will be dependent on the willingness of individuals with deviant wishesRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Business Models Utilized in the Heart of Change by Cohen and Kotter, to Organizational and Behavioral Management2558 Words   |  11 Pageschange process. What is change if not in the right direction? It is literally the â€Å"wrong way.† Ivancevich et al., identifies a type of leader they classify as a ‘charismatic’ leader. A characteristic of charismatic leaders is that they express a shared quality with the company of what the future cou ld be. Through communication technique, the visionary charismatic leader links follower needs and goals to organizational needs and goals (Ivancevich, et al, p. 459). Cotter and Cohen p.46 lists characteristicsRead MoreDecline And Decline Of The Early Church Attendance2524 Words   |  11 Pagesreligious revival, the Great Awakening injected new energy into the Christian faith. In the Second Great Awakening religion became more involved in social reform movements such as anti-slavery. Many of the denominations would set up colleges and training leaders in just about all of them found Christian institutions. The Roman Catholics later set up colleges and separate parochial school systems. Once freed from slavery, black Americans were active in forming their churches. Most of them would form BaptistsRead MoreSoc Test9122 Words   |  37 Pagessubjects were asked to match lines on cards, showed that Answer people tend to see most things differently. people often lie to those who have authority. group membership generates conformity. leaders compete for power in social groups. All of the above are correct. 10 points Question 34 A _____ is a complex and structured secondary group that is deliberately created to achieve a specific goal in an efficient mannerRead MoreEssay about Phd Comprehensive Exam. in Leadership15004 Words   |  61 Pagesconsequences. Because of these factors, the requirements placed on civilian leaders are significantly different than those placed upon military officers. Only in first line positions does the term â€Å"leader† apply to military officers. A lieutenant maybe a platoon leader but higher ranking officers are commanders. Overall, military officers tend to consider themselves to be much more managers than they consider themselves to be leaders. That said, the study of leadership within the military has taken

Noise †Music to our ears or pollution Free Essays

Noise is all around us. Everywhere we go we can hear some kind of noise. Sound is measured in decibels. We will write a custom essay sample on Noise – Music to our ears or pollution? or any similar topic only for you Order Now A decibel is a unit of relative loudness for sound, the decibel scale runs from zero for the least perceptible sound to 130 for sound that causes pain. The symbol for decibels is dB. There are a lot of pleasures in sound. Especially the music we hear. This means that the music industry make a lot of money as well as disco’s. There are a lot of dangers related to noise. For example if u listen to loud music it can damage your ears. That is why when you but a disc man or any music appliance it warn the client of this. Loud noises created by man can disturb the life style of animals. It can drive animals away from their natural hunting ground and to less favourable land. At places such as football stadium of race tracks or concerts, the noise level is extremely high and can cause short term effects as well as long term effects. The people who are working in the race tracks, football stadiums and concerts are not concerned about the well being of the spectator because as long as the workers get paid they are happy. Sound sometimes can’t be avoided because humans have no control over nature and nature can also produce sound. Mobile phones create a lot of pollution specially because there are so many mobile phones around. Eight out of ten people have mobiles and some people get fed up because mobile phones are always ringing. Mobile phone manufacturers such as Nokia, Motorola. Siemens, Sony and Erickson are happy that so many people are buying their products and don’t really pay much attention to the noise pollution. Aircrafts produce very high levels of sound. Inside an aircraft the sound is quite loud. On the outside the sound is very loud. Apartments and houses near airports are at great risk. Aircrafts pass constantly. In Lisbon airport the aircraft pass extremely close to the apartments and this must be very bad for the people who live in the apartments. People still live in these locations because the price of houses and apartments are much lower because of the airports. The has been talk in Portugal about a certain time where there can be no flights arriving or taking off this means that aircraft companies are loosing money. Dogs which constantly bark all day are also a form of noise pollution. Neighbours get irritated and cant sleep because of the barking have a right to complain. In apartments you are not allowed to make noise after 10 pm. If you do then the your neighbours can complain or even call the police. The police can give you a quite a large fine for â€Å"disturbing the peace†. Disco’s and bars in certain areas need to close down at 12 am. There are always police clearing off the location at 12 pm. Some people make a lot of money because of sound. The music industry is huge. And it attracts teenagers and music lovers. Teenagers don’t realize the dangers of loud music. I think music manufacturers such as Sony should increase the warning on the music products so that it give more security to the buyer. How to cite Noise – Music to our ears or pollution?, Papers

Civil Disobediance Essay Example For Students

Civil Disobediance Essay Civil DisobedienceI believe that civil disobedience is justified as a method of trying to change the law. I think that civil disobedience is an expression of ones viewpoints. If someone is willing to break a law for what they believe in, more power to them! Civil disobedience is defined as, the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition (Websters Dictionary). This refusal usually takes the form of passive resistance. Its usual purpose is to force concessions from the government or occupying power. Civil disobedience has been a major tactic and philosophy of nationalist movements in Africa and India, in the civil rights movement of U.S. blacks, and of labor and anti-war movements in many countries. People practicing civil disobedience break a law because they consider it unjust and hope to call attention to it. In his essay, Civil Disobedience, American author Henry David Thoreau set forth the basic tenets of civil disobedience for the first time. The independence of India in the 1930s was largely a result of the nonviolent resistance by Mohandas Gandhi to the British colonial laws. In the United States, the nonmilitant efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., helped bring about civil rights legislation. There are numerous examples that illustrate how civil disobedience is justified. In late 1955 Rosa Parks, a leading member of the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was jailed for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. I dont blame Parks at all for what she did. The African American people had to take a stand on some issue some where in life. Martin Luther King was soon selected as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association(MIA), the organization that directed a bus boycott prompted by Parks jailing. The Montgomery bus boycott lasted for more than a year. By late 1956 King was a national figure. These types of civil disobedience are clearly justifiable in my eyes. Everyone should have equal opportunities in life. In 1957 King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC), an organization of black churches and ministers that aimed to challenge racial segregation. King and other leaders encouraged the use of nonviolent marches, demonstrations, and boycotts to protest discrimi nation. They did this because that was there way of getting the message across. They always had reason to back up their claims or arguments. I could go on and on with examples of civil disobedience displayed by Martin Luther King but there are other conditions from which to discuss. The man who most clearly formulated the concept of civil disobedience for the modern world was Mohandas Gandhi. He was an Indian nationalist leader, who established his countrys freedom through a nonviolent revolution and whose teachings inspired nonviolent movements. In 1893 Gandhi went to serve as a legal adviser in South Africa. He was appalled at the denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians. Gandhi remained in South Africa for 20 years, suffering imprisonment many times. In 1896 Gandhi began to teach a policy of passive resistance and noncooperation with the South African authorities. Gandhi considered the terms passive resistance and civil disobedience inadequate for his purposes and coined another term, Satyaqraha (Sanskrit, truth and firmness)(Internet). In 1914 the government of South Africa made important concessions to Gandhis demands. His work in South Africa wa s complete so he returned to India. This only being part of Gandhis work, it is still amazing. I respect the courage and strength he had, to stand up for what he believed in until he received what he was fighting for. His actions were clearly justified. He was fighting for the civil rights of people of his own kind. I admire that man greatly. He is a role model for people to come. Everyone could learn something from his position on violence. The violence was nonexistent. .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .postImageUrl , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:hover , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:visited , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:active { border:0!important; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:active , .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33 .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1e4c00e28b5a348f5943336ebfe5c33:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Socrates - a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher EssayAnother great man who justified civil disobedience was American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. In 1846 he performed an act of civil disobedience by choosing to go to jail rather than to support the Mexican War (1846-1848) by paying his poll tax. He clarified his position in perhaps his most famous essay, Resistance to Civil Government (also known by the title Civil Disobedience) written in 1849. Thoreau asserted that the United States government lacked moral authority because it condoned slavery, and he saw the Mexican War (1846-1848) as an attempt to extend slavery to the western United Sta tes. Thoreau believed that publicly disobeying the laws of an unjust government would bring other people to oppose that governments actions. Resistance to Civil Government inspired leaders of 20th-century resistance movements, such as Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi and American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. That shows what an important role Thoreau played if he inspired two of the greatest leaders ever. In all of these circumstances the persons involved have felt the need for civil disobedience. They feel like the given law was unjust. Therefore they are not going to obey it. A perfect example of this would be if the government banned a certain book. They stopped the circulation of it and said nobody was allowed to read it. If one wanted to disobey the law and perform civil disobedience, that person could get a group together or go alone and set out front of a government building and read that banned book. Voice your opinion on freedom of speech and freedom of the press. Civil disobedience is justified here because it is not right to ban a piece of literature no matter how unethical it is. These laws limit human freedom and hinder spontaneity. I think there are always times when disobeying a law is morally justified. They are sometimes unfair and repressive; common sense, social custom, and religion already provide enough guidance; and morality can never be legislated (Kessler 154). Thoreau argued that any given law is not as high or not above what you believe in or what your conscious tells you is right. We all have a moral duty to obey our consciences (Kessler 154). I believe it is very clear how I stand on the subject of civil disobedience. After researching this topic and formulating my own opinions I have learned a great deal about my morals and myself. It simply shocks me when I think of the accomplishments of people like King, Gandhi, and Thoreau. Philosophy Essays

Literal Rule free essay sample

Using case law illustrations, explain how the literal rule of statutory interpretation operates and how the golden rule modifies the literal rule. Statutory interpretation is the process used by courts to interpret and apply legislation, although Acts of Parliament are written by expert draftsmen, the statute for the case before them may not be clear. Bennion (2005) has identified a number of issues that may cause uncertainty: The draftsman may refrain from using certain words as they think it has already been automatically implied, also the definition of the word can be broad which causes uncertainty ,the wording of the statute can be deficient due to a printing or a drafting error. There are three rules, courts use to interpret statutes, they are known as, The Literal Rule, The Golden Rule and The Mischief Rule. Under The Literal rule, words in a statute are given their plain, ordinary meaning even if it leads to an absurd ending; this was shown in R v City of London Court Judge (1892), Lord Esher said â€Å"If the words of an Act are clear you must follow them, even though they lead to manifest absurdity. We will write a custom essay sample on Literal Rule or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The court has nothing to do with the question whether the legislature has committed an absurdity†. Another case which illustrates the literal rule is Whitely V Chapell (1868), under a statute it is a offence to impersonate another person who is ‘entitled to vote’ in an election, D had used a dead person’s name to vote in an election, using the literal rule, D was acquitted as a dead person is not ‘entitled to vote. ’ If the words used in a statute are ambiguous and lead to an absurd outcome, courts are allowed to modify the meaning to avoid the problem; this is known as The Golden rule.

The Formula One Constructors free essay sample

The Formula One constructors Mark Jenkins 1. Introduction This case enables students to explore sources of competitive advantage using the context of Formula One (F1) motorsport. The case highlights the ways in which three particular F1 teams created four situations of competitive dominance for a sustained period. It allows the students to consider individual teams and the generic issues needed to succeed in this specialised context. The case is organised into five parts. The first is a brief overview designed to give those unfamiliar with F1 some understanding of its history and structure.This is followed by four detailed descriptions of particular periods of dominance by an F1 team. The introduction to the case describes the overall nature of Formula One motorsport and its origins in Europe after World War II. It identifies some of the central aspects of being an F1 constructor, such as the need to generate sponsor revenues through increasingly sophisticated marketing strategies, and also the need to design, develop, manufacture and race open-wheel single-seat racecars. We will write a custom essay sample on The Formula One Constructors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Note: the term ‘constructor’ differentiates F1 from other racing series in which race teams compete with bought-in racecars.F1 constructors are effectively in the business of designing and constructing prototypes – each car being unique to each constructor but within a set of pre-defined rules that cover weight, dimensions and other basic parameters. The introduction also makes reference to the nature of the motorsport cluster in the UK, a phenomenon similar to that of Silicon Valley in California. In 2004, seven of the ten F1 teams were located within this specialised cluster, located roughly within a 50 mile (80 km) radius of Oxford.This provides an opportunity to connect to issues of location and national/regional competitive advantage. This is followed by four accounts of sustained competitive advantage (here we define sustained as three or four years of dominance) featuring Ferrari in the mid-1970s, McLaren in the late 1980s, Williams in the mid-1990s and Ferrari from 1999–2003. Each account explores the background to the constructor, from the formation of these entrepreneurial businesses through to their development into a world-class rganisation. The focus is on the build-up to their period of competitive advantage, but each case also then relates to the loss of the advantage for the constructor in this period, with the exception of the final case where the discussion may usefully be directed as to what may cause the loss of competitive advantage. 231 Â © Pearso n Education Limited 2005 Instructor’s Manual 2. Position of the case This case can be used to explore the issues raised by the resource-based view of strategy. It provides a basis for students to develop causal linkages between particular resources and their effect on achieving competitive advantage. The context particularly emphasises the relative nature of competitive advantage, i. e. that the resource-based view requires a constant reference to the resources and competence of competitors in order to define competitive advantage. These issues are examined in Exploring Corporate Strategy, chapters 3 and 5. The case was designed to be used on an MBA programme where students consider the application of the resource-based view in order to ‘unpack’ sources of advantage.The case has also been successfully used on final-year undergraduate programmes and also for executive development in helping managers explore the nature and location of sources of advantage. 3. Learning objectives The overall learning objectives can be summarised as follows: To understand that although strategy can be seen as generic at a high level, it will always be idiosyncratic at the organisational level, even where organisations are in the same industry and all have the same goal.Therefore strategic management has to focus on the idiosyncratic characteristics of every organisation in order to develop a strategy that will work in this context. Strategies that are based on highly mobile resources (e. g. individual drivers, designers or engine suppliers) need to focus either on finding ways of locking in these resources, or on building competence to allow them to continually find and acquire new ones. While highly complex and idiosyncratic resources are particularly difficult to imitate (e. g. Ferrari) they are also difficult to manage and vulnerable to changes in the environment or a loss in any of the elements.Sustained advantage is often achieved through the linkages between resources rather than the resources themselves (e. g. the way the drivers link in to the design engineers). A shift in the environment can suddenly change the value of particular resources; an external view is therefore fundamental to sustaining advantage. It can also raise the point that advantage can be created by luck: a fortuitous combination of resources or a lucky event in the environment. This can be used to develop the debate about whether managers influence strategy or just post-rationalise their luck in strategic terms. 32 Â © Pearson Education Limited 2005 1. 2. 3. What do you need in order to succeed in Formula One? Why do you think your team were successful during this period? Why were they unable to sustain this success? What could they have done to sustain their success further? Instructor’s Manual 4. Teaching process There are a number of different ways in which the case can be used. It works particularly well in situations where the participants spend some time in group work before discussing the cases, such as on an MBA programme. The usual way to apply the case would be to allocate separate syndicate groups to consider one of the four accounts of competitive advantage. A series of questions are used to guide the way in which the students approach the case. The recommended approach is to start with each syndicate presenting their responses to the case questions (see below). At the end of each syndicate the instructor would summarise the key points on the board, under four columns, one for each account of sustained competitive advantage. As each group presents, the instructor will finish up with a quite distinctive set of key words under each.This enables the session to move on to the learning points. The way this is handled will depend on learning maturity, but it is best to simply ask the plenary session what similarities and differences they see between the four accounts. Put these up on the board/OHP and then go on to ask what conclusions they would draw from these. This will take the discussion into the notion that while at a high level strategy might be generic, at a management level it is highly idiosyncratic and context specific. 5. Questions for discussion 6. Case analysisThis section offers a number of suggestions for discussing the above questions and exploring related issues. 6. 1 What do you need in order to succeed in Formula One? This question is intended to get the students to identify the generic model needed to succeed in this industry. At a very simplistic level this can be described as having unique resources such as the best driver, the best car (achieved by bringing together the chassis design and engine technology) and the best supporting team, which provides race tactics, pit stops, etc.All of this is supported by finance, which comes from the ability to attract and retain sponsors (this is less important for Ferrari, who are owned by Fiat). This discussion can be developed by discussion as to what ‘best’ means and how 233 Â © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Instructor’s Manual this is created. It raises issues about separating the causes for success from the effects of success: is Ron Dennis the cause of success for McLaren? Or is this a perception created by the fact that he happens to manage a successful team? 6. Why do you think your team were successful during this period? We now move from the generic level of success to consider the specifics of each team. The issues raised will be attributed to personalities, but will also be about the ways in which different teams approach the task of winning the championship. Ferrari and their renaissance in the mid 1970s Ferrari were successful because everything worked together. While they have always had a huge wealth of technical expertise and resources, the problem has been getting this to work together.In the past this had been exacerbated by the ‘divide and rule’ style of Enzo Ferrari. This working together was exemplified in the relationship between three key individuals: driver Niki Lauda, designer Mauro Forghieri and team manager Luca Montezemolo. The other reason for Ferrari’s success was that because they had their own unique approach (e. g. they built their own engines and gearboxes) it was very difficult for other competitors to imitate them, as they did not have access to the same technology as Ferrari. McLaren and Honda domination in the late 1980sMcLaren were successful because they were able to put together the best of everything. They secured exclusive use of the Honda engine at a time when it was the most powerful and reliable; they were also able to secure the services of the best drivers around (Senna and Prost). This was due to the high level of funds made available by sponsor Philip Morris. Another issue that often comes up is the commercial and leadership skills of Ron Dennis. An interesting area for discussion here is their decision to recruit the two best drivers.Was this a good idea or did it create more problems than benefits? It raises the question of locking in resources not just to maximise your performance, but also to deny your competitors access to them. Williams and the technological revolution: the mid 1990s Williams’ success was due to their engineering focus, which enabled them to take many of the innovations developed by other teams and turn these into a car that was both fast and very reliable. This engineering focus can be attributed to the long-standing partnership of Frank Wil liams and Patrick Head. Williams were notable in their disregard for drivers and their attention to building a wide-ranging relationship with their engine supplier Renault. 234 Â © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Instructor’s Manual This discussion raises issue around the different choices which firms have in terms of the kinds of resources on which they focus. From one aspect Williams’ strategy makes a great deal of sense in that they are more able to appropriate the benefit of engineering resources, whereas driver resources are highly mobile.Ferrari: the return to glory: 1999–2003 This account is in marked contrast to the Williams approach in that Ferrari based their resource strategy primarily around driver Michael Schumacher. The usual conclusion here is that it is all down to Schumacher, but closer examination reveals this not to be the case. Whilst Schumacher was undoubtedly a key element in the success, he probably would not have achieved it without the rebuilding of the technica l team and their close partnership with Bridgestone tyres.An interesting area for discussion is to compare how Ferrari’s success in this period is different from the previous period. This draws out the importance of being able to implement change as being a key part of competitive success. 6. 3 Why were they unable to sustain this success? What could they have done to sustain their success further? Here the students will focus on the reason why the advantage was removed. This also allows them to consider whether or not anything could have been done to prevent this loss of advantage.Ferrari and their renaissance in the mid 1970s The reason for Ferrari’s loss of advantage can be isolated into two factors: first, the discontinuity created by the promotion of Montezemolo to head up the whole of Fiat’s motorsport operation, and Lauda’s accident, which took him out of racing for around six months. Second, Ferrari’s unique approach constrained them in terms of responding to new innovations, most notably the introduction of ground-effect, which required a slim ‘V’ configuration engine rather than Ferrari’s traditional flat 12.This raises the point about whether an organisation that does all its activity in house can keep pace with the combined efforts of the many ‘generic’ suppliers used by the other teams. McLaren and Honda domination in the late 1980s The reasons for McLaren’s demise were very simple. Honda pulled out of Formula One. This in turn broke the virtuous circle that attracted the best drivers, and Ayrton Senna moved to Williams.This raised the question of what value McLaren themselves generated, as the key to success seemed clearly to reside in Honda engines and the skills of Ayrton Senna, both of which were relatively mobile resources. 235 Â © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Instructor’s Manual In terms of what they could have done, there is certainly evidence to suggest that McLaren chief Ron Dennis should have considered the possibility of a Honda withdrawal more seriously. It illustrates how phenomenal success can blind management to the possibility of change. Williams and the technological revolution: the mid 1990sIn the case of Williams, their advantage was eroded through a series of events: first the loss of exclusive access to the Renault engine when Renault decided to provide engines to the Benetton team; second, the leakage of some of their know-how through their junior designers moving to other teams – mainly because they would be unable to gain a senior position in Williams as long as Patrick Head was there; and third the recruitment of superior drivers (specifically Michael Schumacher to Benetton) leading to the Williams car’s advantage being eroded. However, it could also be argued that Williams were still in a position to dominate. When Michael Schumacher left Benetton to join Ferrari the Benetton team failed to sustain their advantage, and Williams once again became dominant. A discussion could be developed around some of these issues. Ferrari: the return to glory: 1999–2003 At the time of writing Ferrari are still enjoying a period of unparalleled dominance. The question therefore needs to be amended to consider the factors which might create a loss of dominance and also how they would deal with this in a strategic sense.The most obvious factor is the retirement of Michael Schumacher: it is possible that when he leaves many of the key people around him may also take the opportunity to move on whilst their employment value is very high – or alternatively take early retirement to enjoy the fruits of their labours. There are some potential parallels with Ferrari’s loss of success at the end of the 1970s with some of the key people being promoted to other roles. In 2004 Luca di Montezemolo became chairman of Fiat and Jean Todt became CEO for the entire Ferrari operation – including the 3500 people who work on road cars. It is an interesting discussion to explore the problem of succession in high performing organisations and whether it is in fact possible to sustain performance at all in the long run and that firms benefit from a period of regeneration and regrouping. 236 Â © Pearson Education Limited 2005